Every car enthusiast would want to know the major components that are used in making it.
One would always wonder how technology allows for the assembly of such huge engine parts that make up a well-designed piece of beautiful metal (most often than not for the recent inventions) meant to convey individuals from one place to another. In this post, we would be looking at the major parts of a car starter.
Starter motors are part of the components of an engine starting system. It should be known that they are used in starting the engine for the first time when the vehicle is started.
The starter motor’s operating principle is to rotate the engine crankshaft via the flywheel, which is accomplished through the use of an electric motor circuit. As a result, a revolving crank is produced, and the engine cycle can be started to run constantly.
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1. Brushes
Brushes are found on the primary motor. They are used to link the electrical current flowing from one static conductor to another dynamic conductor.
Therefore, the brush will cause an electric current to be generated and transmitted from terminal 50 to the armature coil, which will then be transmitted through the commutator.
An electric starter motor typically has 4 or more brushes, with two of them acting as positive brushes and the remaining two acting as negative brushes.
This brush is also constructed of copper, but the material is softer to prevent the commutator from becoming worn out. Regardless, The impact brush wears out quickly and it will be difficult to start the starter in the future when this happens.
1. The Solenoid Starter
The solenoid starter consists of two solenoids and is referred to as a solenoid starter. The primary function of a solenoid starter is to operate the pinnion drive gear and provide electricity to the main motor.
The two solenoids are the pull in coil and the drive pinion gear.
The pull in coil works by pushing the plunger, which then pushes the drive pinion gear.
The hold in coil, which is similar to the pull in coil, is situated in front of the pull in coil. Its responsibility is to withstand the movement of the pull in coil and connect the battery current to the main motor, among other things.
The solenoid is shaped like a coil, with an iron core inserted in a copper coil, and it operates in the same way.
However, this winding has a huge number of turns and its dimensions are likewise larger, allowing it to move the plunger powerfully and rapidly.
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1. Solenoid Cap
The solenoid lid circuit, which is positioned on the front of the starter, is a starter solenoid cover circuit. Besides serving as a cover, this component also serves as a medium of communication between the current from the system and the starter actuator.
1. Field Coil
When we look inside the motor starter, we can see that there are numerous components to be found. First and foremost is the field coil.
A field coil is a set of magnetic coils that are used to induce magnetism around a coil rotor to generate electricity. A magnetic field around the rotor is required by the working principle of an electric motor, and this component will provide that magnetic field.
A permanent magnet is not generated by the coil field; rather, if a current is applied to terminal 50, the field coil will generate an electromagnetic field.
Generally speaking, this is referred to as the “process of electromagnetic induction.” The field coil is also made up of various components, including the Yoke, which is the housing for the coil.
This coil is made with conventional copper coils wound in a specific direction around the pole core. In the yoke, there are approximately 4 to 6 units of pole cores that are joined to achieve high magnetism.
1. Solenoid Plunger
The plunger is positioned at the end of the pull in coil, at the bottom of the coil. It functions by connecting the movement of the pull in coil to the movement of the driving lever.
To put it another way, this component serves solely as a connecting rod. In addition, this plunger material is extremely powerful as it links the pull in coil that moves a lot.
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1. Armature Coil
The Armature Coil is located inside the starter motor and is frequently referred to as a coil rotor or coil. The major role of the armature coil is also that of a magnetic field generator, which will react with the magnet field coil for movement to occur in the system.
The armature is coated with copper and the difference between it and a field coil is its size and the amount of copper used to cover it.
1. Commutators
The commutator is placed on the front of the armature coil and has the shape of a segmented copper plate. The commutator’s primary duty is to connect the electrical current flowing from the brush to the armature coil of the motor.
Meanwhile, due to the segmented form of the commutator, short-circuiting of electric current is prevented as the commutator is directly connected to both positive and negative currents.
1. Drive Lever / Actuator Shaft
The solenoid has a fork-shaped component that moves the pinion gear. The drive lever operates on the principle of the lever, which raises the pinion gear when the other end of the lever is pressed in the opposite direction.
This is due to the coil being pulled in through the plunger. When this happens, the pinion gear will be forced out and linked to the flywheel on the other end.
1. Drive Pinnion Gear
This component looks like a gear in general and is positioned at the end of the driving pinion shaft. The pinnion gear works by connecting the rotation of the generated electric motor to the rotation of the engine crankshaft through the use of a flywheel.
Due to the pinnion’s small diameter, the gear ratio will be increased, allowing the starting system to rotate a large capacity engine more efficiently.
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1. Drive Pinnion Clutch
The mechanical clutch joins and disconnects rotation from the starter shaft to the flywheel as the engine is turned. This rotation occurs because the starter motor is unlikely to work while the engine is operating.
As a result, in a normal state, the starter will be attached, and when the starter system is activated, the round starter will be connected to the flywheel.
When the starter system is turned on, the drive lever will push this clutch, however because of the angled slide gear, the pinion drive will move out whilst rotating beyond the starter spin.
This allows the pinion to be quick and precise in its timing relationship with the flywheel gear. Meanwhile, this coupling component receives an additional part that works as a rotary reducing gear.
1. Motor housing
The housing is the final part and has two functions. It serves as a protective component and as a storage compartment for the various parts of the starter.
This housing is built of metal and consists of a tubular main housing, a pinion housing that serves as a pinion gear, and a starter chassis cover that is stamped in front of the main housing.
Conclusion:
The aforementioned components are the major parts of a car starter and you should read this post thoroughly to understand the concepts behind their operation and how they work.
This would enhance your understanding of how your car works and could get you started in a career as a car mechanic.